Evolution of haka - from 'jingle bells' to fierce war dance

SPOTLIGHT: Before France takes on New Zealand in the opening game of the World Cup the hosts will have to face the ferocious challenge laid down by the All Blacks in the haka.

“In a game, if you want victory, you have to come and get it – it’s either you or us,” Taku Parai, an elder from the Ngati Toa iwi Maori tribe, told AFP.

The haka is the fierce war dance which originated to prepare Maori warriors for battle and has since been adopted by New Zealand who perform one of two versions of the haka before games.

Either, Kapa O Pango, created for the All Blacks and first performed in 2005, or the traditional Ka Mate, by far the best known.

Under New Zealand law, the Ngati Toa iwi, based in Porirua just outside Wellington, are recognised as the cultural guardians of the Ka Mate haka.

For New Zealand playmaker Beauden Barrett, the haka is an important part of his pre-match preparation. “It’s about us coming together and being united,” he told AFP.

“For me, it’s about us. Our legacy, and what has gone before us. Being in the moment – and getting ready for battle.”

* (The article continues below this comical effort back in 1973 ...)

Ancient ancestry

Ka Mate was composed by the warrior chief Te Rauparaha around 1820 to celebrate his escape from a rival tribe’s pursuing war party.

For New Zealanders, it is performed “as a token of deep respect, whether it is at funerals, birthdays, weddings,” Parai explains.

“It’s about upholding the ‘mana’ [prestige] of an occasion.”

Yet the chest-pounding, thigh-slapping actions accompanying the Maori chant weren’t always performed by All Blacks teams with the same precision and ferocity these days.

Originally, the All Blacks only did the haka when they played overseas, sometimes with mixed results as some non-Maori players seemed unsure of the actions.

Video footage of a notoriously poor haka before a 1973 tour match in Cardiff showed few New Zealand players, aside from Maori scrum-half Sid Going, seemed to know the movements.

It wasn’t until Wayne ‘Buck’ Shelford made the All Blacks squad in the mid 1980s that the haka was practised and then performed with the fierce focus seen these days.

“Until it got to ‘Buck’, they [the All Blacks] were still twinkling their fingers like jingle bells,” joked Parai.

Before he made the All Blacks squad in 1985, Shelford had seen previous generations of New Zealand teams struggle to perform the haka with cohesion.

* (Often regarded as the greatest haka ever …)

‘Warriors’

“I was disappointed that they couldn’t get it together, do the actions correctly and portray themselves as warriors rather than stick figures swaying their arms and stamping their feet,” Shelford told AFP.

On an All Blacks tour of Argentina, Shelford and fellow Maori player Hika Reid decided the haka must be performed properly or not at all.

“We insisted on 100 percent buy-in from the players and management, because I wasn’t going to watch a poor rendition of the haka by any team I am in,” Shelford added.

“That would just be disrespecting our people back home.”

Shelford insisted each player learnt the words and actions until they knew them by heart.

“All of a sudden, they started enjoying it because it was done right and you were doing it for a reason.”

With Shelford leading the haka, it became a staple before home Test matches from 1987, the year the All Blacks won the inaugural World Cup.

In the years following Shelford’s final Test in 1990, other Maori players, such as Piri Weepu, TJ Perenara and current scrumhalf Aaron Smith, have led the haka with the same passion.

“I’m very proud of what it’s gone on to become. As Kiwis, it’s part of our culture and people respect it,” Shelford added.