Castrogiovanni cited for stamping a Scot
Castrogiovanni, who has made 118 Test appearances for Italy, appeared to direct a stamp towards Taylor's foot after coming on as a second-half replacement in Scotland's 36-20 victory in Rome.
If the 34-year-old is found guilty he could miss Italy's March 12 meeting with Ireland in Dublin.
Italy remain winless in this year's Six Nations tournament, but a first victory would see them climb above fifth placed Ireland.
A statement from Six Nations organisers confirmed Castrogiovanni will attend a disciplinary hearing in London on Wednesday to answer to a charge of breaching Law 10.4(b) – "a player must not stamp or trample on an opponent".
Disciplinary hearings for Martin Castrogiovanni, together with two Under-20 players who received red cards in the weekend's matches, will be held in London on Wednesday.
The recipients of the two red cards were Stan South of England Under-20, in the match against Ireland Under-20 in Newcastle last Friday for a dangerous tackle and for Daniel N'Gandebe, France Under-20, for the two yellow cards received against Wales Under-20 in Colwyn Bay last Saturday.
